Psilocybin
Also known asPsilocybine · Indocybin · Psilocibin · Teonanacatl · Psilocin phosphate ester · Psilocibina · Psilotsibin · Psilocybinum
[3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
- PubChem CID
- 10624
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL194378
- Measurements
- 10
- InChIKey
- QVDSEJDULKLHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
I · Summary
What is known
Published passages, each quoted whole and attributed to the database that published it. Two blocks are written here rather than quoted, and both say so where they stand: the synthesized summary at the top, which may draw only on the passages beneath it, and the history note, which cites the works it came from. Every claim in either carries a marker to its source.
What it is
Psilocybin is a tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonancatl or "magic mushrooms"). It has a role as a hallucinogen, a serotonergic agonist, a prodrug and a fungal metabolite. It is an organic phosphate, a tryptamine alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a psilocin. It is a conjugate acid of a psilocybin(1-).
Psilocybin is a DEA Schedule I controlled substance. Substances in the DEA Schedule I have no currently accepted medical use in the United States, a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision, and a high potential for abuse. It is a Hallucinogenic substances substance.
Psilocybin has been investigated for the treatment of Anxiety and Stage IV Melanoma. In November, 2019, it was granted Breakthrough Therapy status by the FDA.
psilocybin has been reported in Gymnopilus spectabilis, Deconica pseudobullacea, and other organisms with data available.
Recognized use
The major hallucinogenic constituent of the sacred Mexican mushroom Teonanacatl; A controlled substance and psychomimetic; [Merck Index] Alkaloid found in certain mushrooms; [Hawley]
Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational DiseasesMerck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
The use of hallucinogenic mushrooms predates the arrival of the Spaniards to the New World. The Aztecs consumed a substance called teonanacatl (God's flesh) in religious ceremonies. Later, Psilocybe mexicana was discovered to be the active component of teonanacatl. The use of mushrooms by people native to the Americas to produce mystical revelations during religious ceremonies continued into the twentieth century.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 1732
Psilocybin has no recognized medical uses. However, it has been investigated as an experimental treatment for several disorders. (L1143)
How it acts
- Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor agonistAGONISTPMID 22308478
Psilocybin, which resembles 5-hydroxytryptamine and LSD, inhibits the firing of serotonin-dependent neurons, causing alterations in perception, changes in mood, hallucinations, and a distortion of time.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 906
The active constituents of hallucinogenic mushrooms probably are indole compounds derived from tryptamine. Psilocybin and its less stable metabolite psilocin are the best known active compounds, but their effects may not entirely explain the range of symptoms caused by hallucinogenic mushrooms. Wide variations occurs in clinical response.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 1733
Behavior carries the pharmacological classes and the acute-effect durations, with plasma half-life kept separate from duration of effect.
In the body
In a clinical study eight volunteers received psilocybin in psychoactive oral doses of 212+ or -25 ug/kg body weight. To investigate the elimination kinetics of psilocin, the first metabolite of psilocybin, urine was collected for 24 hr and psilocin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with column switching and electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Sample workup included protection of the unstable psilocin with ascorbic acid, freeze-drying, and extraction with methanol. Peak psilocin concentrations up to 870 ug/l were measured in urine samples from the 2-4 hr collection interval. The psilocin excretion rate in this period was 55.5+ or -33.8 microg/h. The l…
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)PMID 12191719Hasler F et al; J Pharm Biomed Anal 30 (2): 331-9 (2002)
Psilocybin is rapidly and completely hydrolyzed to psilocin in vivo.
Metabolism/Metabolites
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Goldfrank, L.R. (ed). Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. 7th Edition McGraw-Hill New York, New York 2002., p. 1121
Psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated in the body to psilocin. Psilocybin is metabolized mostly in the liver where it becomes psilocin. It is broken down by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. (L1143)
Metabolism/Metabolites
History, discovery and cultural use
Written by this site · every claim referenced
Psychedelic mushrooms have been used in shamanic and medicinal practice for more than 7,000 years, with archaeological evidence reaching well beyond that 1. Their use in the Americas predates the arrival of the Spaniards: the Aztecs consumed a preparation called teonanácatl, "God's flesh", in religious ceremonies, and the practice continued into the twentieth century 2. Western science learned of it through R. Gordon Wasson's 1957 article in Life, the first report of the mushrooms' psychedelic properties; Albert Hofmann, working from samples Wasson sent from Mexico, was the first to identify psilocybin as the active alkaloid 1.
- 1Stroud C, Posey Norris SM, Matney C, editors. History and Current Status of Psychedelics and Entactogens for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. In: Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press, Washington DC; 2022. NBK587225.
- 2Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), via PubChem Quoted in this dossier's Recognized use section.
Ref 1 read directly at NBK587225. Ref 2 is the HSDB passage already carried in this archive and shown above on the same page. Nothing above is quoted from Psilocybin’s own database records; those appear as quotations elsewhere on this plate.
Histories of this field
Scholarship on psychedelics generally, not on Psilocybin specifically. Whether any of these treats this compound is a question for the book, not for this page.
Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic
Traces mescaline and the peyote and San Pedro cacti from pre-Columbian ritual use through nineteenth-century chemistry to twentieth-century psychiatry and the counterculture.
Jay M. Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic. Yale University Press, New Haven and London; 2019. ISBN 9780300231076.
Expanding Mindscapes: A Global History of Psychedelicsopen access
Essays on the international and cross-cultural history of psychedelic science, deliberately decentring the standard North American and European account.
Dyck E, Elcock C, editors. Expanding Mindscapes: A Global History of Psychedelics. The MIT Press, Cambridge MA; 2023. ISBN 9780262546935 (paper), 9780262376891 (open access). doi:10.7551/mitpress/14417.001.0001.
Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers
Botany, ethnography and chemistry of the principal hallucinogenic plants, by the founder of modern ethnobotany and the chemist who first synthesized LSD.
Schultes RE, Hofmann A, Rätsch C. Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers. 2nd ed. Healing Arts Press, Rochester VT; 2001. ISBN 9780892819799.
Psychonauts: Drugs and the Making of the Modern Mind
The tradition of scientific self-experimentation with psychoactive drugs, and its part in the emergence of psychology and of modernism.
Jay M. Psychonauts: Drugs and the Making of the Modern Mind. Yale University Press, New Haven; 2023. ISBN 9780300257946.
Ancient Psychoactive Substances
Archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence for psychoactive plant use across the ancient world.
Fitzpatrick SM, editor. Ancient Psychoactive Substances. University Press of Florida, Gainesville; 2018. ISBN 9780813056708.
A chapter tracing psychedelic and entactogen research from earlier ritual use through the mid-century research period to current clinical trials.
Stroud C, Posey Norris SM, Matney C, editors. History and Current Status of Psychedelics and Entactogens for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. In: Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press, Washington DC; 2022. NBK587225.
Workshop proceedings record what participants said; they are not a consensus statement of the National Academies.
Peer-reviewed review covering the isolation, synthesis, pharmacology and ritual use of peyote and mescaline.
Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Pereira CL, da Silva DD. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions. Current Molecular Pharmacology 12(3):184–194; 2019. doi:10.2174/1874467211666181010154139.
Institutional archives
- Heffter Research Institute Funds and coordinates clinical research on psilocybin, and keeps records of the studies it has supported since 1993. Sponsors the research it archives.
- Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) Sponsors clinical research, chiefly on MDMA-assisted therapy, and publishes an archive of historical and contemporary documents. A sponsor and an advocacy organization, not a disinterested archive; its clinical programme has a commercial arm.
The rest of this dossier
- Affinity — 10 measurements in this archive, equilibrium constants kept apart from functional readouts.
- Toxicology — 9 published passages, plus any assay in this archive bearing on toxicity.
- Legal — DEA Schedule I, with the passage it was read from.
- Systems — where this compound’s targets are transcribed, by brain region and tissue.
Passages via PubChem descriptive sections, aggregating DrugBank, LiverTox, FDA, DEA, HSDB, EPA. Each is quoted whole and attributed to the database that published it. The only prose written here about Psilocybin is the history note, which says so on its face and carries a reference for every claim in it.
II · Identity
Structure and descriptors
Descriptors are computed here with RDKit from the structure PubChem returns — not from the archive's stored copy, so an edited local structure cannot reach this table.
- Formula
- C12H17N2O4PR
- Molecular weight
- 284.25g/molR
- Exact mass
- 284.0926DaR
- cLogP
- 1.74R
- TPSA
- 85.8ŲR
- H-bond donors
- 3R
- H-bond acceptors
- 3R
- Rotatable bonds
- 5R
- Aromatic rings
- 2R
- Heavy atoms
- 19R
- Fraction sp³
- 0.333R
- Formal charge
- 0R
Computed with RDKit 2025.09.2 from the SMILES returned by PubChem. Audit run 26/09/2026.
Bemis–Murcko scaffold
c1ccc2[nH]ccc2c1
Shared with 1-Acetyl-5-MeO-DMT, 1-Methylpsilocin, 2-Me-DET, 2-Methyltryptamine, 2,N,N-TMT, 4-AcO-DALT and 81 more. All families
III · Behavior
Behavioral summary
Class, mechanism, and the duration of acute effects — each quoted from the record or trial that publishes it. Duration of effects and plasma half-life are shown separately, because they are different quantities and diverge by a factor of three or four.
Classification
Duration of acute subjective effects
4.9 h (mean)
20 mg, oral
“Mescaline had the longest effect duration (mean: 11.1 h), followed by LSD (mean: 8.2 h), and psilocybin (mean: 4.9 h)”
6.1 h
“The average subjective effect duration of 30 mg 2C-B was 4.9 h and similar to MDMA (4.8 h) and shorter than psilocybin (6.1 h)”
Plasma elimination half-life
How fast the body clears the drug — not how long the effects last. The two diverge sharply: LSD is cleared with a half-life of about 2.6 h while its subjective effects run 8–12 h.
1.8 h (1.1–2.2 h), as free psilocin
“The half-life of psychoactive free (unconjugated) psilocin was 1.8 hours (range 1.1-2.2 hours), consistent with the short duration of action of psilocybin”
Primary pharmacological drivers
- Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor agonist22308478
Mechanism, as published
Quoted verbatim from the database named after each passage, never summarized.
Psilocybin, which resembles 5-hydroxytryptamine and LSD, inhibits the firing of serotonin-dependent neurons, causing alterations in perception, changes in mood, hallucinations, and a distortion of time.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 906 The active constituents of hallucinogenic mushrooms probably are indole compounds derived from tryptamine. Psilocybin and its less stable metabolite psilocin are the best known active compounds, but their effects may not entirely explain the range of symptoms caused by hallucinogenic mushrooms. Wide variations occurs in clinical response.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 1733
IV · Clinical
Clinical description
Where this compound's substance class sits in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR, and how much of the recorded literature speaks to each domain of a mental status examination.
Filed under Hallucinogens
- 6C49Disorders due to use of hallucinogens
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR): Hallucinogen-Related Disorders. Category names only — the manual is in copyright and no diagnostic criterion is reproduced here.
How much has been written about each domain
The clinical domains, and how many of the records this archive holds for this compound say something under each. What the terms mean, and the word list behind every spoke, are set out in the method.
- Mood 2
- matched on “anxiety”, “dysphoria”, “dysphoric”, “mood” · in Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action; Toxicology: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Perception 2
- matched on “hallucinat”, “hallucinogen” · in Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action; Toxicology: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Cognition 1
- matched on “disorient” · in Toxicology: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Psychomotor activity 1
- matched on “agitat” · in Toxicology: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
V · Systems
Systems physiology
Where the targets this compound binds are transcribed — brain regions on the left, peripheral and autonomic tissues on the right. A join of two measurements, not a claim about what the compound does to either.
Brain
basal ganglia: drawn as the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus.
Measured but not drawn — this anatomogram has no outline for them: pituitary gland 17.3, midbrain 2.1, spinal cord 1.7, retina 1.1.
Body
Square-root ramp · shared scale across both plates
Shading is transcript level — not affinity, and not affinity combined with expression. Outlined but unshaded organs hold none of this compound’s resolved targets above the atlas’s detection threshold. Anatomy from EMBL-EBI Anatomogram (Apache License 2.0); regions identified by Uberon (uberon.org), CC BY 3.0.
Brain regions
Regions where this compound's measured targets are transcribed. Linked from the plate above.
cerebral cortex
18.6 nTPMcerebellum
18.3 nTPMpituitary gland
17.3 nTPMbasal ganglia
15.1 nTPMamygdala
13.3 nTPMhippocampal formation
13.2 nTPMhypothalamus
9.0 nTPMmidbrain
2.1 nTPMspinal cord
1.7 nTPMretina
1.1 nTPM
Peripheral & autonomic
Tissues outside the CNS expressing the same targets — where a compound's bodily effects become possible.
adrenal gland
17.2 nTPMsmooth muscle
15.7 nTPMcolon
10.0 nTPMsmall intestine
8.1 nTPMduodenum
8.0 nTPMheart muscle
4.6 nTPMstomach 1
4.4 nTPMthyroid gland
3.9 nTPMurinary bladder
3.4 nTPMliver
3.3 nTPMkidney
3.1 nTPMlung
2.8 nTPMskeletal muscle
1.8 nTPMsalivary gland
1.8 nTPMspleen
1.4 nTPMpancreas
1.2 nTPM
Each row joins two published measurements and nothing else: the affinity this archive holds for the compound at that target, and the transcript level the Human Protein Atlas reports for that target’s gene in that region. Bars scale with expression only. Expression is not activation — a receptor transcribed in a region is a receptor available to be bound there, which is a weaker and more defensible claim than saying the region is affected.
Expression data from Human Protein Atlas (CC BY-SA 3.0), RNA expression, nTPM (normalized transcripts per million), consensus tissue dataset. Uhlén M, et al. Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science. 2015;347(6220):1260419.
VI · Profile
Affinity rosette
The strongest measurement at each of 8 molecular targets. Cell-line and whole-organism screens are excluded here — they carry no affinity — and appear in the table below.
VII · Toxicology
Toxicological profile
What has been measured, and what has been published — kept apart, and neither scored. There is no risk rating on this page; the archive once carried one, identical for every compound, produced by a stub.
Measured in this archive
Assays that bear on toxicity, drawn from the same ChEMBL records as everything else on this page. They are measurements of what a compound binds or does to cells — not verdicts about what it does to a person.
No hERG, cytochrome, cytotoxicity or transport measurement exists for Psilocybin in this archive.
Lethal-dose values — animal studies
These are not human doses. An LD50 is the dose killing half of a group of animals of one species by one route, and it is a poor predictor of human risk for these compounds. Each value is printed whole, with the species and route it was measured in, because a lethal dose separated from those two facts is worse than no figure at all. Nothing here supports inferring a safe dose for anyone.
LD50 Mouse iv 285 mg/kg
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1419
LD50 Rat iv 280 mg/kg
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1419
LD50 Rabbit iv 12.5 mg/kg
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1419
As published
Quoted verbatim from the database named after each passage, never summarized — a summary of a toxicology statement is a new claim.
Toxicity Summary
Psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated in the body to psilocin which then acts as a partial agonist at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor in the brain where it mimics the effects of serotonin (5-HT). Psilocin is an 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/2C agonist. (L1143)
Human Toxicity Excerpts
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Mydriasis and blurred vison are common, but other sympathomimetic signs, such as tachycardia, hypertension, and hyperreflexia, are seen in less than one-half of emergency department patients. Dysphoria, disorientation, ataxia, agitation, and aggressive behavior may appear after ingestions. Antisocial behavior represents the greatest danger to life. Hallucinations occur in less than one-half of p…
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 1733
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Patients typically present with dysphoric and sympathomimetic symptoms that are transient, lasting less than 12 hours. The adolescent substance abuser when seen in a state of panic may have ingested hallucinogenic mushrooms possibly with simultaneous lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), alcohol, phencyclidine, and marijuana. The potential for self-inflicted or accidental trauma during periods of al…
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 1732
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Agitation and hallucination were reported after ingestion of ten mushrooms in one case; however, another patient complained of only abdominal pain after consuming 200 mushrooms. /Hallucinogenic mushrooms/
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 1733
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Patients usually present within 4 hours of ingestion with symptoms of lightheadedness, weakness, and anxiety that began 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion. Most symptoms resolve within 4 hours, and persistence of dysphoric symptoms past 12 hours is rare. Persistent neurologic symptoms comprised primarily of flashback phenomena are well recognized but are uncommon complications of psilocybin ingest…
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)Dart, R.C. (ed). Medical Toxicology. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA. 2004., p. 1733
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PSILOCYBINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Published passages via PubChem toxicology sections, aggregating Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), RTECS, LiverTox. No figure on this page is scored, ranked or combined into a risk level.
VIII · Evidence
Every measurement
One row per published value. The identifier in the last column resolves to the ChEMBL assay record it was read from.
Equilibrium binding constants 9
Ki and Kd — a concentration at equilibrium. Directly comparable across rows at the same target.
| Target | Class | Type | Value (nM) | pX | Organism | Assay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-HT2A | Serotonin receptors | Ki | 13.00 | 7.89 | RAT | PMID 2795135 |
| 5-HT2B | Serotonin receptors | Ki | 98.70 | 7.01 | HUMAN | PDSP |
| 5-HT2B | Serotonin receptors | Ki | 98.70 | 7.01 | Homo sapiens | CHEMBL5346707 |
| 5-HT1E | Serotonin receptors | Ki | 195 | 6.71 | HUMAN | PDSP |
| 5-HT6 | Serotonin receptors | Ki | 414 | 6.38 | HUMAN | PDSP |
| 5-HT7 | Serotonin receptors | Ki | 598 | 6.22 | HUMAN | PDSP |
| 5-HT2B | Serotonin receptors | Ki | 600 | 6.22 | BOVINE | PMID 2795135 |
| 5-HT1D | Serotonin receptors | Ki | 2,119 | 5.67 | HUMAN | PDSP |
| CB1 | Cannabinoid receptors | Ki | 6,181 | 5.21 | HUMAN | PDSP |
Functional readouts 1
IC₅₀, EC₅₀, AC₅₀ and potency. Assay-dependent, and not interchangeable with a binding constant.
| Target | Class | Type | Value (nM) | pX | Organism | Assay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-HT1A | Serotonin receptors | IC50 | 4,785 | 5.32 | Homo sapiens | CHEMBL6158869 |
- P
- PubChem
- C
- ChEMBL
- R
- Computed here with RDKit
- D
- Derived here from the stored measurement
IX · Trials
Registered clinical trials
Studies filed with ClinicalTrials.gov that name this compound as an intervention. A registered trial is a protocol, not a result — status and enrollment are printed beside every row, and withdrawn studies are counted rather than hidden.
279T
Registered studies
160T
Open or ongoing
277T
With a phase recorded
By phase
A study may carry two phase codes at once, so these count studies bearing each phase and do not sum to the total.
- Early phase 121
- Phase 1103
- Phase 2148
- Phase 312
- Not applicable13
By status
The registry’s own status for each record. Withdrawn and terminated studies are counted here rather than hidden — a stopped trial is part of what is known.
- Recruiting98
- Completed84
- Not yet recruiting33
- Active, not recruiting28
- Unknown status15
- Withdrawn13
- Terminated5
- Suspended2
- Enrolling by invitation1
The 25 most recently started, of 279
Newest first by start date. Each identifier opens the registry record it came from; the title is the sponsor’s own, quoted.
- NCT06102434Suspended · Early phase 1
Safety Profile of Psilocybin for Cocaine Use Disorder
- Enrollment
- 10Testimated
- Started
- 2029-02-01
- Sponsor
- University of California, Los Angeles
Conditions Cocaine Use Disorder
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin”
- NCT07406828Not yet recruiting · Phase 1
Psilocybin After Trauma Surgery for Pain
- Enrollment
- 70Testimated
- Started
- 2027-12-31
- Sponsor
- Trent Emerick
Conditions Pain Management · Postoperative Pain
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin (Usona Institute)”
- NCT06005662Withdrawn · Phase 2
Inpatient Buprenorphine Induction With Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder
- Enrollment
- 0Tactual
- Started
- 2027-04
- Sponsor
- Johns Hopkins University
Conditions Opioid Use Disorder
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin”
- NCT07774702Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Psilocybin for Methamphetamine Use Disorder
- Enrollment
- 42Testimated
- Started
- 2027-02-01
- Sponsor
- Peter Hendricks
Conditions Methamphetamine Use Disorder
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin (single oral capsule administered at one of two dose levels, Dose A or Dose B; specific doses withheld during conduct).”
- NCT07566104Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Group PACBT for Depression
- Enrollment
- 30Testimated
- Started
- 2027-01
- Sponsor
- University of California, Los Angeles
Conditions Depression - Major Depressive Disorder · Psilocybin · Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin (drug)”
- NCT07833761Not yet recruiting · Phase 1
ADEPT Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy With DBT for Borderline Personality Disorder
- Enrollment
- 18Testimated
- Started
- 2026-12-01
- Sponsor
- University of Minnesota
Conditions Borderline Personality Disorder · Borderline Personality Pathology · Depressive Symptoms · Emotion Dysregulation · Suicidal Ideation
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin”
- NCT07818720Not yet recruiting · Phase 1
MLS101 Study in PMDD
- Enrollment
- 32Testimated
- Started
- 2026-12
- Sponsor
- MycoMedica Life Sciences PBC
Conditions Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ( PMDD) · PMDD
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “MLS101 psilocybin”
- NCT07792538Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for Veterans With PTSD
- Enrollment
- 12Testimated
- Started
- 2026-12
- Sponsor
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre
Conditions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy”
- NCT07719088Not yet recruiting · Phase 1
Psilocybin Effects on Healthy Aging Biomarkers and Purpose in Life
- Enrollment
- 50Testimated
- Started
- 2026-12
- Sponsor
- Charles Raison
Conditions Aging · Longevity · Biomarkers of Aging
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin (Usona Institute)”
- NCT07296094Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Severe Alcohol Use Disorder
- Enrollment
- 36Testimated
- Started
- 2026-11-15
- Sponsor
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
Conditions Alcohol Use Disorder
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin”
- NCT07227909Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
NeuroGuard: Psilocybin Trial for Preventing Chemo-induced Neuropathy
- Enrollment
- 83Testimated
- Started
- 2026-11-04
- Sponsor
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Conditions Psilocybin · Neuropathy
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin (drug)”
- NCT06988319Recruiting · Phase 1
Psilocybin for Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) in Women: A Pilot Feasibility Study
- Enrollment
- 15Testimated
- Started
- 2026-11-01
- Sponsor
- Oregon Health and Science University
Conditions Chronic Pelvic Pain
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin (Usona Institute)”
- NCT07756736Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Psilocybin Therapy for Methamphetamine Use Disorder and HIV
- Enrollment
- 30Testimated
- Started
- 2026-11
- Sponsor
- Nicky Mehtani, MD, MPH
Conditions Methamphetamine Use Disorder · Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin 5 mg”
- NCT07818564Not yet recruiting · Phase 1
Pilot Study on the Effects of Psilocybin on Belief Updating and Insight Formation
- Enrollment
- 24Testimated
- Started
- 2026-11
- Sponsor
- Brown University
Conditions Phase I
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin (Usona Institute)”
- NCT07791901Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
MB-PAT for Demoralization in Advanced Cancer ('PAT-MIND') Trial
- Enrollment
- 60Testimated
- Started
- 2026-10-30
- Sponsor
- University of Calgary
Conditions Advanced Cancer · Demoralization · Existential Distress · Psychological Distress
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “PEX010 25 mg psilocybin”
- NCT06885996Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Psilocybin-assisted Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
- Enrollment
- 76Testimated
- Started
- 2026-10-01
- Sponsor
- University of Calgary
Conditions Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD · Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin”
- NCT07721467Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Neuroplasticity Enhancement From Cognitive Training Reinforced by Psilocybin
- Enrollment
- 200Testimated
- Started
- 2026-10-01
- Sponsor
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Conditions Alzheimer's Disease
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin”
- NCT07306364Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Psilocybin-Assisted Physical Therapy in Chronic Low Back Pain
- Enrollment
- 45Testimated
- Started
- 2026-10
- Sponsor
- Yale University
Conditions Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) · Physical Therapy · Psilocybin
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin 10 mg”
- NCT07610135Recruiting · Phase 1 / Phase 2
Psilocybin Efficacy With or Without Pimavanserin Pretreatment
- Enrollment
- 20Testimated
- Started
- 2026-09-30
- Sponsor
- Johns Hopkins University
Conditions Mood (Psychological Function) · Well Being · Mood · Healthy
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin”
- NCT06827054Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Psilocybin With Psychotherapy for Improving Chronic Pain in Cancer Patients Requiring Opioids
- Enrollment
- 20Testimated
- Started
- 2026-09-15
- Sponsor
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Conditions Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System Neoplasm · Malignant Solid Neoplasm
Matched “Psilocybine” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybine”
- NCT07820033Not yet recruiting · Phase 2
Psilocybin-assisted Existential, Attachment and RelationaL (PEARL) Therapy for Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Enrollment
- 46Testimated
- Started
- 2026-09-14
- Sponsor
- University Health Network, Toronto
Conditions Advanced Cancer · Stage IV Solid Tumor Cancer · Stage IV Sarcoma of Bone · Stage IV Lymphoma · Stage IV Melanoma · Endocrine Cancer
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin (25mg)”
- NCT06992999Not yet recruiting · Phase 1 / Phase 2
Psilocybin for Treatment of OCD-2
- Enrollment
- 20Testimated
- Started
- 2026-09-08
- Sponsor
- Francisco A Moreno
Conditions Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Low Dose Psilocybin”
- NCT07433452Not yet recruiting · Phase 1
The Effects of Psilocybin in Healthy Volunteers: Psychological, Biochemical and Electrophysiological Biomarkers.
- Enrollment
- 50Testimated
- Started
- 2026-09-01
- Sponsor
- Gabriella Gobbi
Conditions Healthy Participants · Placebo - Control · Psilocybin
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin (drug)”
- NCT06349083Recruiting · Phase 2
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Psilocybin-assisted Treatment for AUD
- Enrollment
- 200Testimated
- Started
- 2026-09-01
- Sponsor
- NYU Langone Health
Conditions Alcohol Use Disorder
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “Psilocybin”
- NCT07570654Recruiting · Phase 2 / Phase 3
Redefine Study: A Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of COMP360 in Participants With Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
- Enrollment
- 300Testimated
- Started
- 2026-09
- Sponsor
- COMPASS Pathways
Conditions PTSD - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder · PTSD · PTSD Symptoms · PTSD, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Matched “Psilocybin” in the study’s intervention “COMP360 psilocybin”
Records from ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine, NIH), API v2. A study is listed against a compound only when a verified name for that compound appears as a whole word in one of the study's own intervention names. A short code must appear as written, and a name the registry uses for something else (Aleph, a vaccine maker) is not matched. Title matches are not accepted. The matched name and the intervention text it matched are shown with every row.
Searched as Psilocybin · Psilocybine · Psilocibin. Run this search at the registry — it returns the unfiltered result, including studies this page rejected as belonging to a different molecule.
A registered trial is a protocol somebody filed with the registry. It is not a result, and nothing on this plate says whether Psilocybin worked.
X · Legal
Controlled-substance status
United States federal scheduling, read from the DEA records this archive holds and shown with the passage each was read from. Not legal advice, and not necessarily current.
As the DEA states it
Quoted whole. The badge above is a reading of these passages and adds nothing to them.
Schedule I - Substances in the DEA Schedule I have no currently accepted medical use in the United States, a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision, and a high potential for abuse.
Other regulatory records
Registers outside the DEA that hold an entry for Psilocybin — chemical-safety and national inventories, each naming itself. They are not scheduling decisions.
Schedules of controlled substances are established by section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812). Schedule I shall consist of the drugs and other substances, by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or brand name designated, listed in this section. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation, which contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances, or which contains any of its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation (for purposes of this paragraph on…
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)21 CFR 1308.11(d); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 3, 2006: https://www.ecfr.gov
United States federal status only. State law differs, and so does the law of every other country — none of it is represented here. Scheduling changes, and this reflects the DEA records held by PubChem descriptive sections when the monograph was last harvested, not necessarily today. This is a record of what a database publishes, not legal advice.
XI · Literature
Sources behind this dossier
The papers this compound's values were read from, ranked by what each contributed. Not a review of the field.
Every paper below is one some value on this page came from — a binding constant, a passage of pharmacology or toxicology, or a measured duration. Each entry says what this archive took from it. Nothing else is claimed about any of them: the title is the study’s own account of itself, and a summary written here would be an assertion with no source behind it.
- 01
McKenna DJ, Peroutka SJ · The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1989
- · 2 measurements at 2 targets (Ki), strongest 5-HT2A at 7.89 pX
- 02
Arikci D, Borgulya J, Straumann I et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2026
- · 6.1 h
- 03
Ley L, Holze F, Arikci D et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2023
- · Duration of acute subjective effects
- 04
Becker AM, Holze F, Grandinetti T et al. · Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2022
- · Plasma elimination half-life