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PsychedeliaDokholyan Laboratory
Plate 256 of 545Verified

Atropine

PubChem records this structure as Npc209773.

Also known asdl-Hyoscyamine · Atropen · Atropin · Tropine tropate · dl-Tropyltropate · Atropinol · Eyesules · Isopto-atropine

[(1S,5R)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate

PubChem CID
174174
Measurements
47
InChIKey
RKUNBYITZUJHSG-PJPHBNEVSA-N

I · Summary

What is known

Published passages, each quoted whole and attributed to the database that published it. Two blocks are written here rather than quoted, and both say so where they stand: the synthesized summary at the top, which may draw only on the passages beneath it, and the history note, which cites the works it came from. Every claim in either carries a marker to its source.

What it is

  • Atropine is a racemate composed of equimolar concentrations of (S)- and (R)-atropine. It is obtained from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It has a role as an antidote to sarin poisoning, a oneirogen, a bronchodilator agent, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a muscarinic antagonist, a parasympatholytic, a mydriatic agent, an anaesthesia adjuvant and a plant metabolite. It contains a (S)-atropine and a (R)-atropine.

    ChEBI

  • See also: Atropine (annotation moved to); Atropine Sulfate (annotation moved to); Hyoscyamine (annotation moved to) ... View More ...

    PubChem

How it acts

  • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonistANTAGONIST
  • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 antagonistANTAGONIST
  • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonistANTAGONIST
  • Atropine binds to and inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, competitively blocking the effects of acetylcholine and other choline esters. It acts as a reversible non-specific antagonist of muscarinic receptors, showing affinity for the M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 receptor subtypes. Atropine antagonizes the effects of acetylcholine on tissues innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves, such as smooth muscle, cardiac tissue, exocrine glands and the central nervous system. Also, it acts in less innervated smooth muscle that responds to endogenous acetylcholine. The actions of atropine can be overcome by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine at receptor sites (for instance, the use…

    DrugBank

  • Atropine is an antimuscarinic agent that antagonizes the effects of acetylcholine. In small doses, atropine slows heart rate, and tachycardia develops due to paralysis of vagal control. Compared to [scopolamine], atropine has a more potent and prolonged effect on the heart, intestine and bronchial muscle, but a weaker effect on the iris, ciliary body and certain secretory glands. Atropine leads to increased respiratory rate and depth of respiration, possibly due to the drug-induced bronchiolar dilatation rather than its mild effect on vagal excitation. At an adequate dose, atropine abolishes different types of reflex vagal cardiac slowing or asystole. Atropine can be used to prevent or abol…

    DrugBank

Behavior carries the pharmacological classes and the acute-effect durations, with plasma half-life kept separate from duration of effect.

History, discovery and cultural use

— Not in this archive. PubChem, ChEMBL and the Human Protein Atlas publish pharmacology, regulation and toxicology, and none of them publishes a heading for when Atropine was first made, by whom, or how it has been used. That is a gap in the databases this site reads and not a gap in the literature — the history of these compounds is written, at length and under peer review, in the works below. This site does not summarize them; it says where they are. Where a published passage above happens to touch origin or traditional use, it appears inside the entry that carries it.

Histories of this field

Scholarship on psychedelics generally, not on Atropine specifically. Whether any of these treats this compound is a question for the book, not for this page.

  • Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic

    Traces mescaline and the peyote and San Pedro cacti from pre-Columbian ritual use through nineteenth-century chemistry to twentieth-century psychiatry and the counterculture.

    Jay M. Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic. Yale University Press, New Haven and London; 2019. ISBN 9780300231076.

  • Expanding Mindscapes: A Global History of Psychedelicsopen access

    Essays on the international and cross-cultural history of psychedelic science, deliberately decentring the standard North American and European account.

    Dyck E, Elcock C, editors. Expanding Mindscapes: A Global History of Psychedelics. The MIT Press, Cambridge MA; 2023. ISBN 9780262546935 (paper), 9780262376891 (open access). doi:10.7551/mitpress/14417.001.0001.

  • Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers

    Botany, ethnography and chemistry of the principal hallucinogenic plants, by the founder of modern ethnobotany and the chemist who first synthesized LSD.

    Schultes RE, Hofmann A, Rätsch C. Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers. 2nd ed. Healing Arts Press, Rochester VT; 2001. ISBN 9780892819799.

  • Psychonauts: Drugs and the Making of the Modern Mind

    The tradition of scientific self-experimentation with psychoactive drugs, and its part in the emergence of psychology and of modernism.

    Jay M. Psychonauts: Drugs and the Making of the Modern Mind. Yale University Press, New Haven; 2023. ISBN 9780300257946.

  • Ancient Psychoactive Substances

    Archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence for psychoactive plant use across the ancient world.

    Fitzpatrick SM, editor. Ancient Psychoactive Substances. University Press of Florida, Gainesville; 2018. ISBN 9780813056708.

  • History and Current Status of Psychedelics and Entactogens for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders

    A chapter tracing psychedelic and entactogen research from earlier ritual use through the mid-century research period to current clinical trials.

    Stroud C, Posey Norris SM, Matney C, editors. History and Current Status of Psychedelics and Entactogens for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. In: Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press, Washington DC; 2022. NBK587225.

    Workshop proceedings record what participants said; they are not a consensus statement of the National Academies.

  • Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions

    Peer-reviewed review covering the isolation, synthesis, pharmacology and ritual use of peyote and mescaline.

    Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Pereira CL, da Silva DD. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions. Current Molecular Pharmacology 12(3):184–194; 2019. doi:10.2174/1874467211666181010154139.

Institutional archives

  • Heffter Research Institute Funds and coordinates clinical research on psilocybin, and keeps records of the studies it has supported since 1993. Sponsors the research it archives.
  • Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) Sponsors clinical research, chiefly on MDMA-assisted therapy, and publishes an archive of historical and contemporary documents. A sponsor and an advocacy organization, not a disinterested archive; its clinical programme has a commercial arm.

The rest of this dossier

  • Affinity — 47 measurements in this archive, equilibrium constants kept apart from functional readouts.
  • Toxicology — nothing published for Atropine. An absent record is an absence of study, not evidence of safety.
  • Legal — no DEA record is held here — which is not a finding that this compound is uncontrolled.
  • Systems — where this compound’s targets are transcribed, by brain region and tissue.

Passages via PubChem descriptive sections, aggregating DrugBank, LiverTox, FDA, DEA, HSDB, EPA. Each is quoted whole and attributed to the database that published it. The only prose written here about Atropine is the history note, which says so on its face and carries a reference for every claim in it.

II · Identity

Structure and descriptors

Descriptors are computed here with RDKit from the structure PubChem returns — not from the archive's stored copy, so an edited local structure cannot reach this table.

2D structural depiction of Atropine
Depiction served by PubChem for CID 174174. Not redrawn here, so the picture and the identity come from the same record.
Formula
C17H23NO3R
Molecular weight
289.38g/molR
Exact mass
289.1678DaR
cLogP
1.93R
TPSA
49.8ŲR
H-bond donors
1R
H-bond acceptors
4R
Rotatable bonds
4R
Aromatic rings
1R
Heavy atoms
21R
Fraction sp³
0.588R
Formal charge
0R

Computed with RDKit 2025.09.2 from the SMILES returned by PubChem. Audit run 26/09/2026.

Bemis–Murcko scaffold

O=C(Cc1ccccc1)OC1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2

No other compound in this archive shares it. All families

III · Behavior

Behavioral summary

Class, mechanism, and the duration of acute effects — each quoted from the record or trial that publishes it. Duration of effects and plasma half-life are shown separately, because they are different quantities and diverge by a factor of three or four.

Classification

MeSH indexes no pharmacological class for this compound.

Duration of acute subjective effects

—

No controlled human trial reporting a duration for this compound is cited here. The archive does hold onset and duration ranges for it, inherited from an earlier build, but their source column is empty and so they cannot be shown. A duration is not inferred from a chemical relative.

Plasma elimination half-life

How fast the body clears the drug — not how long the effects last. The two diverge sharply: LSD is cleared with a half-life of about 2.6 h while its subjective effects run 8–12 h.

  • Following intravenous and intramuscular doses of atropine, half-life values range from approximately 2 to 4 hours. In geriatric patients (65-75 years old), intravenous atropine has a longer half-life (10 hours). Also, the half-life of atropine is slightly shorter (approximately 20 minutes) in females than in males. In healthy volunteers…
    DrugBank

Primary pharmacological drivers

  • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonist
  • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 antagonist
  • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist

Mechanism, as published

Quoted verbatim from the database named after each passage, never summarized.

  • Atropine binds to and inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, competitively blocking the effects of acetylcholine and other choline esters. It acts as a reversible non-specific antagonist of muscarinic receptors, showing affinity for the M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 receptor subtypes. Atropine antagonizes the effects of acetylcholine on tis…
    DrugBank
  • Atropine is an antimuscarinic agent that antagonizes the effects of acetylcholine. In small doses, atropine slows heart rate, and tachycardia develops due to paralysis of vagal control. Compared to [scopolamine], atropine has a more potent and prolonged effect on the heart, intestine and bronchial muscle, but a weaker effect on the iris,…
    DrugBank

IV · Clinical

Clinical description

Where this compound's substance class sits in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR, and how much of the recorded literature speaks to each domain of a mental status examination.

No diagnostic chapter is shown for this compound. Either PubChem records no MeSH pharmacological class for it, or the class it records is not one of the substance classes ICD-11 gives a chapter to. Inferring a chapter from the compound’s name or its binding profile would be a diagnosis this archive is in no position to make.

How much has been written about each domain

The clinical domains, and how many of the records this archive holds for this compound say something under each. What the terms mean, and the word list behind every spoke, are set out in the method.

Affect0Mood0Perception0Cognition1Thought process0Thought content0Psychomotor activity0Insight and judgment0
This measures the literature, not the compound. Each spoke counts how many of the 3 records this archive holds for this compound say something under that domain — 1 at the widest ring. A long spoke means the subject has been written about, not that the effect is strong, and a spoke at the center means nothing here discusses it rather than that nothing happens. The terms behind each domain are listed in the method.
Cognition 1
matched on “concentrat” · in Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action

V · Systems

Systems physiology

Where the targets this compound binds are transcribed — brain regions on the left, peripheral and autonomic tissues on the right. A join of two measurements, not a claim about what the compound does to either.

Brain

cerebral cortex — 2.3 nTPM, from ADRA1D, HTR2Ccerebellum — no resolved target expressed herehippocampal formation — 6.1 nTPM, from ADRA1D, HTR2Camygdala — 2.6 nTPM, from HTR2C, ADRA1Dhypothalamus — 12.6 nTPM, from HTR2C, ADRA1Dthalamus — no resolved target expressed herebasal ganglia — 28.2 nTPM, from HTR2C, ADRA1Dmedulla oblongata — no resolved target expressed here

basal ganglia: drawn as the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus.

Measured but not drawn — this anatomogram has no outline for them: midbrain 2.2, spinal cord 1.0, pituitary gland 0.4, retina 0.4.

Body

heart — 0.3 nTPM, from ADRA1Dsmooth muscle — 0.3 nTPM, from ADRA1Dlung — 2.1 nTPM, from ADRA1Dliver — 0.1 nTPM, from ADRA1Dkidney — 0.3 nTPM, from ADRA1Dstomach — 1.4 nTPM, from ADRA1Dduodenum — no resolved target expressed heresmall intestine — 0.2 nTPM, from ADRA1Dcolon — 1.8 nTPM, from ADRA1Dadrenal gland — 0.3 nTPM, from ADRA1Dthyroid gland — 0.7 nTPM, from ADRA1Dpancreas — 0.2 nTPM, from ADRA1Durinary bladder — 2.1 nTPM, from ADRA1Dskeletal muscle — 0.4 nTPM, from ADRA1Dspleen — 1.2 nTPM, from ADRA1Dsalivary gland — 0.2 nTPM, from ADRA1D
028 nTPM

Square-root ramp · shared scale across both plates

Shading is transcript level — not affinity, and not affinity combined with expression. Outlined but unshaded organs hold none of this compound’s resolved targets above the atlas’s detection threshold. Anatomy from EMBL-EBI Anatomogram (Apache License 2.0); regions identified by Uberon (uberon.org), CC BY 3.0.

Brain regions

Regions where this compound's measured targets are transcribed. Linked from the plate above.

  1. basal ganglia

    28.2 nTPM

  2. hypothalamus

    12.6 nTPM

  3. hippocampal formation

    6.1 nTPM

  4. amygdala

    2.6 nTPM

  5. cerebral cortex

    2.3 nTPM

  6. midbrain

    2.2 nTPM

  7. spinal cord

    1.0 nTPM

  8. pituitary gland

    0.4 nTPM

  9. retina

    0.4 nTPM

Peripheral & autonomic

Tissues outside the CNS expressing the same targets — where a compound's bodily effects become possible.

  1. lung

    2.1 nTPM

  2. urinary bladder

    2.1 nTPM

  3. colon

    1.8 nTPM

  4. stomach 1

    1.4 nTPM

  5. spleen

    1.2 nTPM

  6. thyroid gland

    0.7 nTPM

  7. skeletal muscle

    0.4 nTPM

  8. heart muscle

    0.3 nTPM

  9. smooth muscle

    0.3 nTPM

  10. kidney

    0.3 nTPM

  11. adrenal gland

    0.3 nTPM

  12. small intestine

    0.2 nTPM

  13. pancreas

    0.2 nTPM

  14. salivary gland

    0.2 nTPM

  15. liver

    0.1 nTPM

Each row joins two published measurements and nothing else: the affinity this archive holds for the compound at that target, and the transcript level the Human Protein Atlas reports for that target’s gene in that region. Bars scale with expression only. Expression is not activation — a receptor transcribed in a region is a receptor available to be bound there, which is a weaker and more defensible claim than saying the region is affected.

2 of this compound’s targets could not be resolved to a gene and are absent from both columns: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 5 subunit.

Expression data from Human Protein Atlas (CC BY-SA 3.0), RNA expression, nTPM (normalized transcripts per million), consensus tissue dataset. Uhlén M, et al. Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science. 2015;347(6220):1260419.

VI · Profile

Affinity rosette

The strongest measurement at each of 4 molecular targets. Cell-line and whole-organism screens are excluded here — they carry no affinity — and appear in the table below.

5-HT2C — Ki 6.28 pXAlpha1D — Ki 6.18 pXMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor — Ki 9.47 pXNicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 5 subunit — Ki 4.49 pX5-HT2CAlpha1DMuscarinic acety…Nicotinic acetyl…579
Fig. Radius is pX = −log₁₀(value in M), that is 9 − log₁₀(value in nM), computed from the normalized measurement. Hatched wedges are equilibrium binding constants (Ki, Kd); dashed outlines are functional readouts (IC₅₀, EC₅₀, AC₅₀, potency), which answer a different question and are not pooled with them. Rings mark whole pX units from 5 to 10, labeled every second ring in the gutter at the top. Where a target carries several measurements, the strongest is drawn.

VII · Toxicology

Toxicological profile

What has been measured, and what has been published — kept apart, and neither scored. There is no risk rating on this page; the archive once carried one, identical for every compound, produced by a stub.

Measured in this archive

Assays that bear on toxicity, drawn from the same ChEMBL records as everything else on this page. They are measurements of what a compound binds or does to cells — not verdicts about what it does to a person.

No hERG, cytochrome, cytotoxicity or transport measurement exists for Atropine in this archive.

Published toxicology

— None. The toxicology databases this site reads — HSDB, RTECS and LiverTox, by way of PubChem — hold no record for Atropine. They index compounds that have been studied for decades, so most of this archive has no entry. An absent record is an absence of study, not evidence of safety.

Published passages via PubChem toxicology sections, aggregating Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), RTECS, LiverTox. No figure on this page is scored, ranked or combined into a risk level.

VIII · Evidence

Every measurement

One row per published value. The identifier in the last column resolves to the ChEMBL assay record it was read from.

Equilibrium binding constants 37

Ki and Kd — a concentration at equilibrium. Directly comparable across rows at the same target.

TargetClassTypeValue (nM)pXOrganismAssay
M4UnclassifiedKi0.1049.98Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909173
UncheckedUnclassifiedKi0.1209.92— organism not recordedCHEMBL2380041
M1UnclassifiedKi0.2609.59Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL745663
M1UnclassifiedKi0.3009.52Homo sapiensCHEMBL1013935
M1UnclassifiedKi0.3169.50RATPMID 2188581
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKi0.3379.47Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL752307
M2UnclassifiedKi0.3449.46Homo sapiensCHEMBL745519
M1UnclassifiedKi0.3669.44Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909170
UncheckedUnclassifiedKi0.3719.43— organism not recordedCHEMBL857624
M3UnclassifiedKi0.3989.40RATPMID 2188581
M5UnclassifiedKi0.4009.40Homo sapiensCHEMBL1831567
M3UnclassifiedKi0.4399.36Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909172
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKi0.4599.34Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL752305
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKi0.4599.34Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL752313
M5UnclassifiedKi0.6629.18Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909174
M2UnclassifiedKi0.7949.10RATPMID 2188581
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKi0.8509.07Homo sapiensCHEMBL749222
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKi0.8909.05Homo sapiensCHEMBL749221
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKi0.9009.05Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL752168
M2UnclassifiedKi1.009.00Homo sapiensCHEMBL752970
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKi1.009.00Homo sapiensCHEMBL749268
UncheckedUnclassifiedKd1.038.99— organism not recordedCHEMBL4154396
M2UnclassifiedKi1.338.88Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909171
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKd1.488.83Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL857138
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKi1.608.80Homo sapiensCHEMBL749223
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKd1.868.73Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL744377
M1UnclassifiedKi2.008.70Homo sapiensCHEMBL745744
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKd2.048.69Homo sapiensCHEMBL744041
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsKi2.408.62Homo sapiensCHEMBL744152
M2UnclassifiedKd2.708.57Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL745476
UncheckedUnclassifiedKi3.988.40— organism not recordedCHEMBL1031183
M2UnclassifiedKi7.508.12Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL646376
M2UnclassifiedKi16.987.77Homo sapiensCHEMBL4051398
5-HT2CSerotonin receptorsKi5306.28Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909105
Alpha1DAdrenergic receptorsKi6666.18Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909087
UncheckedUnclassifiedKi26,3004.58— organism not recordedCHEMBL3075134
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 5 subunitCholinergic receptorsKi32,5004.49Musca domesticaCHEMBL3075135

Functional readouts 10

IC₅₀, EC₅₀, AC₅₀ and potency. Assay-dependent, and not interchangeable with a binding constant.

TargetClassTypeValue (nM)pXOrganismAssay
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsIC500.4809.32Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL1663598
M4UnclassifiedIC500.7449.13Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909173
M5UnclassifiedIC500.9229.04Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909174
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorCholinergic receptorsIC501.308.89Rattus norvegicusCHEMBL744380
M1UnclassifiedIC501.528.82Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909170
M3UnclassifiedIC502.078.68Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909172
M2UnclassifiedIC503.738.43Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909171
UncheckedUnclassifiedIC504706.33— organism not recordedCHEMBL3615018
5-HT2CSerotonin receptorsIC501,0125.99Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909105
Alpha1DAdrenergic receptorsIC501,3545.87Homo sapiensCHEMBL1909087
P
PubChem
C
ChEMBL
R
Computed here with RDKit
D
Derived here from the stored measurement

IX · Trials

Registered clinical trials

Studies filed with ClinicalTrials.gov that name this compound as an intervention. A registered trial is a protocol, not a result — status and enrollment are printed beside every row, and withdrawn studies are counted rather than hidden.

216T

Registered studies

46T

Open or ongoing

209T

With a phase recorded

By phase

A study may carry two phase codes at once, so these count studies bearing each phase and do not sum to the total.

  • Early phase 18
  • Phase 121
  • Phase 236
  • Phase 340
  • Phase 453
  • Not applicable64

By status

The registry’s own status for each record. Withdrawn and terminated studies are counted here rather than hidden — a stopped trial is part of what is known.

  • Completed117
  • Unknown status39
  • Recruiting19
  • Active, not recruiting14
  • Not yet recruiting12
  • Terminated8
  • Withdrawn5
  • Enrolling by invitation1
  • Suspended1

The 25 most recently started, of 216

Newest first by start date. Each identifier opens the registry record it came from; the title is the sponsor’s own, quoted.

  • NCT07581301Not yet recruiting

    Administering Atropine Through Autoinjectors Within Ambulance Services for Poisoning Patients in Sri Lanka's North Central Province

    Enrollment
    30Testimated
    Started
    2026-12-01
    Sponsor
    University of Edinburgh

    Conditions Pesticide Poisoning

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Pre-hospital Atropine Autoinjector Administration”

  • NCT07816224Not yet recruiting · Phase 2

    Low-Dose Atropine Eye Drops for Excessive Tearing (Epiphora)

    Enrollment
    16Testimated
    Started
    2026-09
    Sponsor
    Rehan Ahmed

    Conditions Epiphora

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution 0.005%”

  • NCT07756359Not yet recruiting · Phase 4

    Tirzepatide for Ileal Pouch-anal Anastomosis (IPAA) and Chronic High Bowel Frequency (I8F-NS-X008)

    Enrollment
    20Testimated
    Started
    2026-09
    Sponsor
    University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

    Conditions Pouch, Ileal · Pouches, Ileoanal · Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Diphenoxylate/Atropine”

  • NCT07724210Not yet recruiting · Not applicable

    Effectiveness of Digital Defocus Vision Training With Low-Concentration Atropine on the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children: A Clinical Study

    Enrollment
    100Testimated
    Started
    2026-08-20
    Sponsor
    Beijing Tongren Hospital

    Conditions Myopia · Prevention and Control

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “For the experimental group,Virtual reality-based digital defocus training combined with 0.02% atropine eye drops”

  • NCT07367178Not yet recruiting · Phase 2

    Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan With Atropine to Improve Tolerability in Advanced TNBC and HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer

    Enrollment
    30Testimated
    Started
    2026-07
    Sponsor
    MedSIR

    Conditions Breast Cancer · Advanced HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer · Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine”

  • NCT07676981Completed · Phase 2

    Atropine Eye Drops for Watery Eyes (Excessive Tearing)

    Enrollment
    18Tactual
    Started
    2026-06-16
    Sponsor
    Rehan Ahmed

    Conditions Epiphora

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine ophthalmic solution”

  • NCT07666984Recruiting · Phase 4

    The Effect of Neostigmine and Sugammadex on the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter

    Enrollment
    86Testimated
    Started
    2026-06-04
    Sponsor
    Cukurova University

    Conditions Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal Agent

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Neostigmine + Atropine”

  • NCT07095894Recruiting · Phase 3

    A RCT of Spectacles With Aspherical Lenslets or 0.05% Atropine for Myopia Control

    Enrollment
    348Testimated
    Started
    2026-06-01
    Sponsor
    Jaeb Center for Health Research

    Conditions Myopia

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine”

  • NCT07567040Recruiting · Phase 3

    Delaying the Onset of Nearsightedness Until Treatment (DONUT) Clinical Trial

    Enrollment
    664Testimated
    Started
    2026-05-27
    Sponsor
    Ohio State University

    Conditions Myopia

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine Sulfate 0.05% Oph Soln”

  • NCT07777835Recruiting · Not applicable

    Magnesium Sulphate With Atropine and Pralidoxime vs Standard Therapy Alone in Acute Organophosphate Poisoning

    Enrollment
    38Testimated
    Started
    2026-05-10
    Sponsor
    Muhammad Aamir Latif

    Conditions Organophosphate Poisoning

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine plus pralidoxime”

  • NCT07537166Enrolling by invitation · Not applicable

    0.01% and 0.025% Atropine Eye Drops Combined Auricular Acupoint Stimulation on Myopia Control and Corneal Endothelium Change

    Enrollment
    420Testimated
    Started
    2026-04-11
    Sponsor
    China Medical University Hospital

    Conditions Acupressure

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “0.01% concentration atropine drops”

  • NCT07494799Not yet recruiting

    Efficacy of Different Interventions for Progressive Myopia After Orthokeratology Lens Wear

    Enrollment
    3890Testimated
    Started
    2026-04-01
    Sponsor
    Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital

    Conditions Progressive Myopia · Pediatric Myopia · Orthokeratology-related Myopia Progression

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “OK Lens + 0.01% Atropine Group”

  • NCT07475585Not yet recruiting · Not applicable

    Effects of Auricular Point Pressing With Pellets in Children With Insufficient Hyperopia Reserve

    Enrollment
    380Testimated
    Started
    2026-03-30
    Sponsor
    Fangbiao Tao

    Conditions Myopia · Ear Acupressure Pellets · Hyperopia Reserve · Low-concentration Atropine Eye Drops · Eye Axis

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine intervention group”

  • NCT07449247Not yet recruiting · Phase 1 / Phase 2

    PROTECT-Study: Prospective Research on Optimizing Atropine Concentration Escalation for Children's Myopia Prevention

    Enrollment
    233Testimated
    Started
    2026-03-30
    Sponsor
    Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital

    Conditions Pre-myopia

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “0.01% Atropine”

  • NCT07434635Recruiting · Phase 4

    APPRAISE: Assessment of Pain and Posterior Synechiae Reduction With Atropine, an Investigation of Post-Surgical Eyes

    Enrollment
    62Testimated
    Started
    2026-03-10
    Sponsor
    University of California, San Francisco

    Conditions Eye Disorders

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine 1%”

  • NCT07364370Not yet recruiting · Not applicable

    Myopia Progression Control Using Atropine 0.05% After Pediatric Cataract Surgery And Intraocular Lens Implantation Surgery

    Enrollment
    50Testimated
    Started
    2026-02
    Sponsor
    Cairo University

    Conditions Pediatric Cataract · IOL Implantation · Myopia Progression

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine Eye drops”

  • NCT07271875Not yet recruiting · Phase 3

    Neuromuscular Blocking Agents on Gastrointestinal Function Following Colorectal Surgery

    Enrollment
    560Testimated
    Started
    2026-01-01
    Sponsor
    Xijing Hospital

    Conditions Postoperative Gastrointestinal Dysfunction (POGD) · Postoperative Ileus · Colorectal Surgery

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Neostigmine + Atropine”

  • NCT07253428Active, not recruiting · Not applicable

    Emergence Agitation

    Enrollment
    486Testimated
    Started
    2025-10-30
    Sponsor
    Ain Shams University

    Conditions Emergence Agitation · Nasal Surgery

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Neostigmine + Atropine”

  • NCT07329777Recruiting · Phase 3

    Atropine in the Treatment of Myopia Study in Malaysia

    Enrollment
    144Testimated
    Started
    2025-09-17
    Sponsor
    IDB VisionCare SDN BHD

    Conditions Myopia Progression

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Low dose atropine sulfate eye drops”

  • NCT07028827Recruiting · Phase 3

    Atropine Eyedrops for Myopia Progression in Children and Adolescents (MODERATO STUDY)

    Enrollment
    234Testimated
    Started
    2025-09-01
    Sponsor
    Ocus Innovation Ireland Limited

    Conditions Myopia

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “0.05% atropine eye drops”

  • NCT07164092Not yet recruiting · Phase 2 / Phase 3

    Efficacy of Topical Atropine Eye Drops for Control of Myopia Progression Among Children Attending Mansoura University Ophthalmic Center

    Enrollment
    45Testimated
    Started
    2025-09
    Sponsor
    Mansoura University

    Conditions Myopia

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine 0.05% Eye drops”

  • NCT07268586Completed · Phase 4

    Intravenous Atropine in Reducing Reperfusion Arrhythmias, Conduction Abnormalities and Hypotension in Inferior ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

    Enrollment
    158Tactual
    Started
    2025-08-01
    Sponsor
    Ain Shams University

    Conditions Myocardial Infarction

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Intravenous atropine immediately before wire crossing during primary percutaneous coronary intervention”

  • NCT07092046Completed · Not applicable

    Minimal Flow Anesthesia and Infection Risk

    Enrollment
    140Tactual
    Started
    2025-08-01
    Sponsor
    Ankara City Hospital Bilkent

    Conditions Minimal Flow Anesthesia · General Anaesthesia · Inhalation Anesthesia · Infection Risk · Anesthesia Circuit · Microbial Colonization and 1 more

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine Sulphate 0.5mg/ml ampoule”

  • NCT07456488Recruiting · Phase 2

    The Effect of 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops on Axial Length and Refraction in Myopic Children Compared to a Control Group

    Enrollment
    60Testimated
    Started
    2025-07-13
    Sponsor
    Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College

    Conditions Focus on Axial Length

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Atropine 0.01% eye drops”

  • NCT06865677Terminated · Phase 2

    Sacituzumab Govitecan for Relapsed Ovarian, Endometrial, and Cervical Carcinomas

    Enrollment
    2Tactual
    Started
    2025-06-09
    Sponsor
    National Cancer Institute (NCI)

    Conditions Recurrent Platinum Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma · Recurrent Epithelial Endometrial Carcinoma · Recurrent Epithelial Cervical Carcinoma

    Matched “Atropine” in the study’s intervention “Diphenoxylate/Atropine”

Records from ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine, NIH), API v2. A study is listed against a compound only when a verified name for that compound appears as a whole word in one of the study's own intervention names. A short code must appear as written, and a name the registry uses for something else (Aleph, a vaccine maker) is not matched. Title matches are not accepted. The matched name and the intervention text it matched are shown with every row.

Searched as Atropine · dl-Hyoscyamine · Tropine tropate. Run this search at the registry — it returns the unfiltered result, including studies this page rejected as belonging to a different molecule.

A registered trial is a protocol somebody filed with the registry. It is not a result, and nothing on this plate says whether Atropine worked.

XI · Literature

Sources behind this dossier

The papers this compound's values were read from, ranked by what each contributed. Not a review of the field.

Every paper below is one some value on this page came from — a binding constant, a passage of pharmacology or toxicology, or a measured duration. Each entry says what this archive took from it. Nothing else is claimed about any of them: the title is the study’s own account of itself, and a summary written here would be an assertion with no source behind it.

  1. 01

    Muscarinic receptor subtypes

    Hulme EC, Birdsall NJ, Buckley NJ · Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology 1990

    • · 3 measurements at 3 targets (Ki), strongest M1 at 9.50 pX

    PMID 2188581