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PsychedeliaDokholyan Laboratory
TargetEnzymes

Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic

Named enzymes, including the metabolising cytochromes and the monoamine oxidases.

Measurements
26
Compounds
14
Binding constants
0
Median pX
—

I · Identity

What this target is

Its function as UniProt states it, where in a cell the protein is found, and which cell types and tissues transcribe its gene.

Protein

TRXR1_HUMANTXNRD1Homo sapiens

Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic

Reduces disulfide protein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form8577704. Homodimeric flavoprotein involved in the regulation of cellular redox reactions, growth and differentiation. A selenocysteine residue at the C-terminal active site is essential for catalysis (Probable). Also has reductase activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)10849437
Induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions
Enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2
Enhances the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor ESR2 only15199063. Mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid9774665

Quoted from UniProt’s FUNCTION annotation for Q16881 (reviewed). The superscript numbers are UniProt’s own PubMed citations, kept in the sentence and in order, each linking to the paper it names.

What it acts with

STRING’s highest-confidence human functional partners. The combined score mixes several kinds of evidence, so each channel is shown separately — a partner supported by experiment is a different claim from one supported only by text mining, and for a receptor this is where its coupling appears as evidence rather than as assertion.

PartnerCombinedExperimentDatabaseText mining
TXN0.9990.9150.7500.994
SEPHS20.9730.0000.9000.730
SEPHS10.9430.0000.9000.431
TXN20.9420.1860.0000.926
SCLY0.9420.0000.9000.437
CTH0.9400.0000.9000.410
TXNRD20.9380.3590.9000.087
GLRX0.9230.0770.3850.866
KYAT10.9200.0460.9070.153
KYAT30.9180.0460.9070.129

Where it sits in the cell

  • Nucleoplasm

Human Protein Atlas, by antibody immunofluorescence in cell lines — a different assay from the expression figures below, which are RNA.

UniProt, curated Cytoplasm · Nucleus

Expression by cell type

Single cell type RNA, the 2 highest of those the Human Protein Atlas reports for this gene. Transcript, not protein, and a cell type rather than a tissue.

  • Ocular epithelial cells922.8 nCPM
  • Epididymal basal cells806.1 nCPM

II · Anatomy

Where the gene is transcribed

The same two atlases the compound plates use, asked about this gene alone. Brain on the left, peripheral and autonomic tissues on the right.

Brain

cerebral cortex — 29.7 nTPM, from TXNRD1cerebellum — 15.3 nTPM, from TXNRD1hippocampal formation — 16.1 nTPM, from TXNRD1amygdala — 17.6 nTPM, from TXNRD1hypothalamus — 21.0 nTPM, from TXNRD1thalamus — no resolved target expressed herebasal ganglia — 19.8 nTPM, from TXNRD1medulla oblongata — no resolved target expressed here

basal ganglia: drawn as the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus.

Measured but not drawn — this anatomogram has no outline for them: midbrain 20.8, pituitary gland 20.1, retina 18.5, spinal cord 16.3.

Body

heart — 61.7 nTPM, from TXNRD1smooth muscle — 48.2 nTPM, from TXNRD1lung — 59.5 nTPM, from TXNRD1liver — 43.3 nTPM, from TXNRD1kidney — 35.4 nTPM, from TXNRD1stomach — 47.7 nTPM, from TXNRD1duodenum — 54.9 nTPM, from TXNRD1small intestine — 37.1 nTPM, from TXNRD1colon — 46.6 nTPM, from TXNRD1adrenal gland — 137.8 nTPM, from TXNRD1thyroid gland — 28.5 nTPM, from TXNRD1pancreas — 17.8 nTPM, from TXNRD1urinary bladder — 130.1 nTPM, from TXNRD1skeletal muscle — 63.1 nTPM, from TXNRD1spleen — 26.3 nTPM, from TXNRD1salivary gland — 19.6 nTPM, from TXNRD1
0138 nTPM

Square-root ramp · shared scale across both plates

Shading is transcript level — not affinity, and not affinity combined with expression. Outlined but unshaded organs hold none of TXNRD1 transcript above the atlas’s detection threshold. Anatomy from EMBL-EBI Anatomogram (Apache License 2.0); regions identified by Uberon (uberon.org), CC BY 3.0.

Brain · 10

  • cerebral cortex29.7 nTPM
  • hypothalamus21.0 nTPM
  • midbrain20.8 nTPM
  • pituitary gland20.1 nTPM
  • basal ganglia19.8 nTPM
  • retina18.5 nTPM
  • amygdala17.6 nTPM
  • spinal cord16.3 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation16.1 nTPM
  • cerebellum15.3 nTPM

Peripheral and autonomic · 16

  • adrenal gland137.8 nTPM
  • urinary bladder130.1 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle63.1 nTPM
  • heart muscle61.7 nTPM
  • lung59.5 nTPM
  • duodenum54.9 nTPM
  • smooth muscle48.2 nTPM
  • stomach 147.7 nTPM
  • colon46.6 nTPM
  • liver43.3 nTPM
  • small intestine37.1 nTPM
  • kidney35.4 nTPM
  • thyroid gland28.5 nTPM
  • spleen26.3 nTPM
  • salivary gland19.6 nTPM
  • pancreas17.8 nTPM

Transcript is not protein. These are RNA levels for TXNRD1, shaded on √nTPM so that a three-order range stays legible — on a linear ramp every region but the strongest would read as blank, which looks like absence rather than less. A region carrying no shading is one the atlas reports no consensus value for, not one where the gene is silent. And a gene being transcribed somewhere is not evidence that any compound reaches it. Human Protein Atlas, RNA expression, nTPM (normalized transcripts per million), consensus tissue dataset.

IV · Evidence

Every measurement at this target

Each row links to the ChEMBL assay it came from.

Functional readouts 26

IC₅₀, EC₅₀, AC₅₀ and potency. Assay-dependent, and not interchangeable with a binding constant.

TargetClassTypeValue (nM)pXOrganismAssay
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794424
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794440
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794440
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794440
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794440
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794440
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794440
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794440
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1794440
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1614347
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL1613775
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicEnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXRattus norvegicusCHEMBL2114873
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