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PsychedeliaDokholyan Laboratory
TargetEnzymes

Cytochrome P450 2C9

Named enzymes, including the metabolising cytochromes and the monoamine oxidases.

Measurements
49
Compounds
25
Binding constants
8
Median pX
—

I · Identity

What this target is

Its function as UniProt states it, where in a cell the protein is found, and which cell types and tissues transcribe its gene.

Protein

CP2C9_HUMANCYP2C9Homo sapiens

Cytochrome P450 2C9

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids and steroids12865317,15766564,19965576,21576599,7574697,9435160,9866708. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase)12865317,15766564,19965576,21576599,7574697,9435160,9866708. Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)15766564,19965576,7574697,9866708. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis21576599. Exhibits low catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E212865317. Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and hydroxylation with double-bond migration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)9435160,9866708. Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol11950794. Contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan25994031

Quoted from UniProt’s FUNCTION annotation for P11712 (reviewed). The superscript numbers are UniProt’s own PubMed citations, kept in the sentence and in order, each linking to the paper it names.

What it acts with

STRING’s highest-confidence human functional partners. The combined score mixes several kinds of evidence, so each channel is shown separately — a partner supported by experiment is a different claim from one supported only by text mining, and for a receptor this is where its coupling appears as evidence rather than as assertion.

PartnerCombinedExperimentDatabaseText mining
CYP2C190.9880.6610.9000.370
VKORC10.9800.0000.0000.980
CYP3A40.9800.3170.9060.401
CYP4F20.9740.0860.9050.625
CYP3A70.9710.0760.9060.558
EPHX20.9670.0680.9060.645
AOX10.9640.0000.9080.610
CYP1A10.9640.0000.9080.568
UGT1A60.9640.0000.6720.883
EPHX10.9630.0710.9000.629

Where it sits in the cell

  • Vesicles
  • Plasma membraneadditional

Human Protein Atlas, by antibody immunofluorescence in cell lines — a different assay from the expression figures below, which are RNA.

UniProt, curated Endoplasmic reticulum membrane · Microsome membrane

Expression by cell type

Single cell type RNA, the 1 highest of those the Human Protein Atlas reports for this gene. Transcript, not protein, and a cell type rather than a tissue.

  • Hepatocytes2,814.4 nCPM

Expression by tissue

The tissues this gene is enriched in, by consensus RNA. A tissue absent from this list is one the Atlas does not call specific for this gene, which is not the same as absent from it.

  • liver1,607.6 nTPM

II · Anatomy

Where the gene is transcribed

The same two atlases the compound plates use, asked about this gene alone. Brain on the left, peripheral and autonomic tissues on the right.

Brain

cerebral cortex — no resolved target expressed herecerebellum — no resolved target expressed herehippocampal formation — no resolved target expressed hereamygdala — no resolved target expressed herehypothalamus — no resolved target expressed herethalamus — no resolved target expressed herebasal ganglia — no resolved target expressed heremedulla oblongata — no resolved target expressed here

basal ganglia: drawn as the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus.

Body

heart — no resolved target expressed heresmooth muscle — no resolved target expressed herelung — 0.1 nTPM, from CYP2C9liver — 1607.6 nTPM, from CYP2C9kidney — 2.1 nTPM, from CYP2C9stomach — 15.8 nTPM, from CYP2C9duodenum — 82.6 nTPM, from CYP2C9small intestine — 43.6 nTPM, from CYP2C9colon — 1.3 nTPM, from CYP2C9adrenal gland — no resolved target expressed herethyroid gland — no resolved target expressed herepancreas — 0.2 nTPM, from CYP2C9urinary bladder — no resolved target expressed hereskeletal muscle — no resolved target expressed herespleen — 0.3 nTPM, from CYP2C9salivary gland — 0.5 nTPM, from CYP2C9
01608 nTPM

Square-root ramp · shared scale across both plates

Shading is transcript level — not affinity, and not affinity combined with expression. Outlined but unshaded organs hold none of CYP2C9 transcript above the atlas’s detection threshold. Anatomy from EMBL-EBI Anatomogram (Apache License 2.0); regions identified by Uberon (uberon.org), CC BY 3.0.

Peripheral and autonomic · 10

  • liver1607.6 nTPM
  • duodenum82.6 nTPM
  • small intestine43.6 nTPM
  • stomach 115.8 nTPM
  • kidney2.1 nTPM
  • colon1.3 nTPM
  • salivary gland0.5 nTPM
  • spleen0.3 nTPM
  • pancreas0.2 nTPM
  • lung0.1 nTPM

Transcript is not protein. These are RNA levels for CYP2C9, shaded on √nTPM so that a three-order range stays legible — on a linear ramp every region but the strongest would read as blank, which looks like absence rather than less. A region carrying no shading is one the atlas reports no consensus value for, not one where the gene is silent. And a gene being transcribed somewhere is not evidence that any compound reaches it. Human Protein Atlas, RNA expression, nTPM (normalized transcripts per million), consensus tissue dataset.

IV · Evidence

Every measurement at this target

Each row links to the ChEMBL assay it came from.

Equilibrium binding constants 8

Ki and Kd — a concentration at equilibrium. Directly comparable across rows at the same target.

TargetClassTypeValue (nM)pXOrganismAssay
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesKi— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesKi— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesKi— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesKi— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL4687730
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesKi— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesKi— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesKi— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesKi— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135

Functional readouts 34

IC₅₀, EC₅₀, AC₅₀ and potency. Assay-dependent, and not interchangeable with a binding constant.

TargetClassTypeValue (nM)pXOrganismAssay
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesPotency1,9955.70Homo sapiensCHEMBL1614027
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesPotency1,9955.70Homo sapiensCHEMBL1614027
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesIC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesIC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesIC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesIC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesIC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesIC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesIC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1909135
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesIC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1227229
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614027
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614027
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesAC50— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1741325

Other measurements 7

Everything else ChEMBL recorded for this compound — percentage inhibition, efficacy, half-life, cytotoxicity. Reported in the assay's own units, which is why no value is converted here.

TargetClassTypeValue (nM)pXOrganismAssay
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesFC— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL4479162
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesDrug metabolism— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL5624328
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesDrug metabolism— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL5624333
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesDrug metabolism— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL5624338
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesDrug metabolism— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL5624345
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesDrug metabolism— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL5624349
Cytochrome P450 2C9EnzymesFC— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL4478999
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