Casein kinase II subunit alpha'

Casein kinase II subunit alpha'

Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine11239457,11704824,16193064,30898438. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection11704824,16193064,30898438. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response12631575,19387551,19387552. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that maintains cyclin-B-CDK1 activity and G2 arrest in response to spindle damage12631575,19387551,19387552. Also required for p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, phosphorylating 'Ser-392' of p53/TP53 following UV irradiation11239457. Phosphorylates a number of DNA repair proteins in response to DNA damage, such as MDC1, RAD9A, RAD51 and HTATSF1, promoting their recruitment to DNA damage sites20545769,21482717,22325354,26811421,30898438,35597237. Can also negatively regulate apoptosis19387551,19387552. Phosphorylates the caspases CASP9 and CASP2 and the apoptotic regulator NOL312631575,19387551,19387552. Phosphorylation protects CASP9 from cleavage and activation by CASP8, and inhibits the dimerization of CASP2 and activation of CASP812631575,19387551,19387552. Regulates transcription by direct phosphorylation of RNA polymerases I, II, III and IV12631575,19387551,19387552. Also phosphorylates and regulates numerous transcription factors including NF-kappa-B, STAT1, CREB1, IRF1, IRF2, ATF1, SRF, MAX, JUN, FOS, MYC and MYB12631575,19387551,19387552. Phosphorylates Hsp90 and its co-chaperones FKBP4 and CDC37, which is essential for chaperone function19387550. Regulates Wnt signaling by phosphorylating CTNNB1 and the transcription factor LEF119387549. Acts as an ectokinase that phosphorylates several extracellular proteins12631575,19387551,19387552. During viral infection, phosphorylates various proteins involved in the viral life cycles of EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and HPV12631575,19387551,19387552. May phosphorylate histone H2A on 'Ser-1'38334665

Quoted from UniProt’s FUNCTION annotation for P19784 (reviewed). The superscript numbers are UniProt’s own PubMed citations, kept in the sentence and in order, each linking to the paper it names.

What it acts with

STRING’s highest-confidence human functional partners. The combined score mixes several kinds of evidence, so each channel is shown separately — a partner supported by experiment is a different claim from one supported only by text mining, and for a receptor this is where its coupling appears as evidence rather than as assertion.

Where it sits in the cell

UniProt, curated Nucleus · Cytoplasm

Expression by cell type

Single cell type RNA, the 2 highest of those the Human Protein Atlas reports for this gene. Transcript, not protein, and a cell type rather than a tissue.

• Late spermatids404.8 nCPM
• Early spermatids289.1 nCPM

Expression by tissue

The tissues this gene is enriched in, by consensus RNA. A tissue absent from this list is one the Atlas does not call specific for this gene, which is not the same as absent from it.

• testis113.9 nTPM