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PsychedeliaDokholyan Laboratory
TargetEnzymes

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1

Named enzymes, including the metabolising cytochromes and the monoamine oxidases.

Measurements
32
Compounds
16
Binding constants
0
Median pX
—

I · Identity

What this target is

Its function as UniProt states it, where in a cell the protein is found, and which cell types and tissues transcribe its gene.

Protein

AL1A1_HUMANALDH1A1Homo sapiens

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1

Cytosolic dehydrogenase that catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acid12941160,15623782,17175089,19296407,25450233,26373694,25413692. Functions downstream of retinol dehydrogenases and catalyzes the oxidation of retinaldehyde into retinoic acid, the second step in the oxidation of retinol/vitamin A into retinoic acid25413692. This pathway is crucial to control the levels of retinol and retinoic acid, two important molecules which excess can be teratogenic and cytotoxic25413692. Also oxidizes aldehydes resulting from lipid peroxidation like (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal/HNE, malonaldehyde and hexanal that form protein adducts and are highly cytotoxic. By participating for instance to the clearance of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal/HNE in the lens epithelium prevents the formation of HNE-protein adducts and lens opacification12941160,15623782,19296407. Also functions downstream of fructosamine-3-kinase in the fructosamine degradation pathway by catalyzing the oxidation of 3-deoxyglucosone, the carbohydrate product of fructosamine 3-phosphate decomposition, which is itself a potent glycating agent that may react with lysine and arginine side-chains of proteins17175089. Also has an aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity and is probably part of an alternative pathway for the biosynthesis of GABA/4-aminobutanoate in midbrain, thereby playing a role in GABAergic synaptic transmission (By similarity)

Quoted from UniProt’s FUNCTION annotation for P00352 (reviewed). The superscript numbers are UniProt’s own PubMed citations, kept in the sentence and in order, each linking to the paper it names.

What it acts with

STRING’s highest-confidence human functional partners. The combined score mixes several kinds of evidence, so each channel is shown separately — a partner supported by experiment is a different claim from one supported only by text mining, and for a receptor this is where its coupling appears as evidence rather than as assertion.

PartnerCombinedExperimentDatabaseText mining
RDH120.9690.0690.9130.628
RDH100.9690.0690.9130.626
CYP26A10.9680.0450.9100.652
CYP26B10.9640.0450.9100.613
DHRS40.9630.0690.9130.534
ADH1A0.9590.0000.7060.853
CYP26C10.9530.0450.9100.489
AOX10.9510.0000.9000.493
RDH110.9510.0690.9130.397
DHRS30.9510.0690.9130.398

Where it sits in the cell

  • Cytosol

Human Protein Atlas, by antibody immunofluorescence in cell lines — a different assay from the expression figures below, which are RNA.

UniProt, curated Cytoplasm, cytosol · Cell projection, axon

Expression by cell type

Single cell type RNA, the 8 highest of those the Human Protein Atlas reports for this gene. Transcript, not protein, and a cell type rather than a tissue.

  • Parietal cells2,970.1 nCPM
  • Bergmann glia1,199.3 nCPM
  • Respiratory secretory cells1,138 nCPM
  • Respiratory deuterosomal cells906 nCPM
  • Hepatocytes876.5 nCPM
  • Respiratory ciliated cells714.3 nCPM
  • Pancreatic islet cells684.9 nCPM
  • Conjunctival goblet cells654.4 nCPM

Expression by tissue

The tissues this gene is enriched in, by consensus RNA. A tissue absent from this list is one the Atlas does not call specific for this gene, which is not the same as absent from it.

  • liver1,403.3 nTPM

II · Anatomy

Where the gene is transcribed

The same two atlases the compound plates use, asked about this gene alone. Brain on the left, peripheral and autonomic tissues on the right.

Brain

cerebral cortex — 63.3 nTPM, from ALDH1A1cerebellum — 132.4 nTPM, from ALDH1A1hippocampal formation — 72.0 nTPM, from ALDH1A1amygdala — 46.4 nTPM, from ALDH1A1hypothalamus — 37.7 nTPM, from ALDH1A1thalamus — no resolved target expressed herebasal ganglia — 133.8 nTPM, from ALDH1A1medulla oblongata — no resolved target expressed here

basal ganglia: drawn as the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus.

Measured but not drawn — this anatomogram has no outline for them: midbrain 283.5, spinal cord 158.6, pituitary gland 154.2, retina 0.4.

Body

heart — 51.4 nTPM, from ALDH1A1smooth muscle — 109.3 nTPM, from ALDH1A1lung — 134.4 nTPM, from ALDH1A1liver — 1403.3 nTPM, from ALDH1A1kidney — 313.0 nTPM, from ALDH1A1stomach — 536.5 nTPM, from ALDH1A1duodenum — 517.1 nTPM, from ALDH1A1small intestine — 286.6 nTPM, from ALDH1A1colon — 204.8 nTPM, from ALDH1A1adrenal gland — 172.3 nTPM, from ALDH1A1thyroid gland — 198.4 nTPM, from ALDH1A1pancreas — 469.7 nTPM, from ALDH1A1urinary bladder — 32.5 nTPM, from ALDH1A1skeletal muscle — 62.5 nTPM, from ALDH1A1spleen — 73.0 nTPM, from ALDH1A1salivary gland — 98.4 nTPM, from ALDH1A1
01403 nTPM

Square-root ramp · shared scale across both plates

Shading is transcript level — not affinity, and not affinity combined with expression. Outlined but unshaded organs hold none of ALDH1A1 transcript above the atlas’s detection threshold. Anatomy from EMBL-EBI Anatomogram (Apache License 2.0); regions identified by Uberon (uberon.org), CC BY 3.0.

Brain · 10

  • midbrain283.5 nTPM
  • spinal cord158.6 nTPM
  • pituitary gland154.2 nTPM
  • basal ganglia133.8 nTPM
  • cerebellum132.4 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation72.0 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex63.3 nTPM
  • amygdala46.4 nTPM
  • hypothalamus37.7 nTPM
  • retina0.4 nTPM

Peripheral and autonomic · 16

  • liver1403.3 nTPM
  • stomach 1536.5 nTPM
  • duodenum517.1 nTPM
  • pancreas469.7 nTPM
  • kidney313.0 nTPM
  • small intestine286.6 nTPM
  • colon204.8 nTPM
  • thyroid gland198.4 nTPM
  • adrenal gland172.3 nTPM
  • lung134.4 nTPM
  • smooth muscle109.3 nTPM
  • salivary gland98.4 nTPM
  • spleen73.0 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle62.5 nTPM
  • heart muscle51.4 nTPM
  • urinary bladder32.5 nTPM

Transcript is not protein. These are RNA levels for ALDH1A1, shaded on √nTPM so that a three-order range stays legible — on a linear ramp every region but the strongest would read as blank, which looks like absence rather than less. A region carrying no shading is one the atlas reports no consensus value for, not one where the gene is silent. And a gene being transcribed somewhere is not evidence that any compound reaches it. Human Protein Atlas, RNA expression, nTPM (normalized transcripts per million), consensus tissue dataset.

IV · Evidence

Every measurement at this target

Each row links to the ChEMBL assay it came from.

Functional readouts 32

IC₅₀, EC₅₀, AC₅₀ and potency. Assay-dependent, and not interchangeable with a binding constant.

TargetClassTypeValue (nM)pXOrganismAssay
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1EnzymesPotency— no normalized value— value does not convert to pXHomo sapiensCHEMBL1614458
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