Cathepsin G

Cathepsin G

Serine protease with trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like specificity29652924,8194606. Also displays antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria independent of its protease activity2116408,2117044. Prefers Phe and Tyr residues in the P1 position of substrates but also cleaves efficiently after Trp and Leu29652924. Shows a preference for negatively charged amino acids in the P2' position and for aliphatic amino acids both upstream and downstream of the cleavage site29652924. Required for recruitment and activation of platelets which is mediated by the F2RL3/PAR4 platelet receptor10702240,3390156. Binds reversibly to and stimulates B cells and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells7842483,9000539. Also binds reversibly to natural killer (NK) cells and enhances NK cell cytotoxicity through its protease activity9000539,9536127. Cleaves complement C31861080. Cleaves vimentin (By similarity). Cleaves thrombin receptor F2R/PAR1 and acts as either an agonist or an inhibitor, depending on the F2R cleavage site10702240,7744748. Cleavage of F2R at '41-Arg-|-Ser-42' results in receptor activation while cleavage at '55-Phe-|-Trp-56' results in inhibition of receptor activation7744748. Cleaves the synovial mucin-type protein PRG4/lubricin32144329. Cleaves and activates IL36G which promotes expression of chemokines CXCL1 and CXLC8 in keratinocytes30804664. Cleaves IL33 into mature forms which have greater activity than the unprocessed form22307629. Cleaves coagulation factor F8 to produce a partially activated form18217133. Also cleaves and activates coagulation factor F108920993. Cleaves leukocyte cell surface protein SPN/CD43 to release its extracellular domain and trigger its intramembrane proteolysis by gamma-secretase, releasing the CD43 cytoplasmic tail chain (CD43-ct) which translocates to the nucleus18586676. Cleaves CCL5/RANTES to produce RANTES(4-68) lacking the N-terminal three amino acids which exhibits reduced chemotactic and antiviral activities16963625. During apoptosis, cleaves SMARCA2/BRM to produce a 160 kDa cleavage product which localizes to the cytosol11259672. Cleaves myelin basic protein MBP in B cell lysosomes at '224-Phe-|-Lys-225' and '248-Phe-|-Ser-249', degrading the major immunogenic MBP epitope and preventing the activation of MBP-specific autoreactive T cells15100291. Cleaves annexin ANXA1 and antimicrobial peptide CAMP to produce peptides which act on neutrophil N-formyl peptide receptors to enhance the release of CXCL222879591. Acts as a ligand for the N-formyl peptide receptor FPR1, enhancing phagocyte chemotaxis15210802. Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria N.gonorrhoeae and P.aeruginosa1937776,2116408. Likely to act against N.gonorrhoeae by interacting with N.gonorrhoeae penA/PBP22126324. Exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium L.monocytogenes2117044. Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus and degrades S.aureus biofilms, allowing polymorphonuclear leukocytes to penetrate the biofilm and phagocytose bacteria2117044,32995850. Has antibacterial activity against M.tuberculosis15385470. Mediates CASP4 activation induced by the Td92 surface protein of the periodontal pathogen T.denticola, causing production and secretion of IL1A and leading to pyroptosis of gingival fibroblasts29077095. Induces platelet aggregation which is strongly potentiated in the presence of ELANE25211214,9111081

(Microbial infection) Inhibited reversibly by S.aureus serine protease inhibitors Eap, EapH1 and EapH2, impairing microbicidal activity in neutrophils

Quoted from UniProt’s FUNCTION annotation for P08311 (reviewed). The superscript numbers are UniProt’s own PubMed citations, kept in the sentence and in order, each linking to the paper it names.

What it acts with

STRING’s highest-confidence human functional partners. The combined score mixes several kinds of evidence, so each channel is shown separately — a partner supported by experiment is a different claim from one supported only by text mining, and for a receptor this is where its coupling appears as evidence rather than as assertion.

Where it sits in the cell

UniProt, curated Cell membrane · Cytoplasmic granule · Secreted · Cytoplasm, cytosol · Lysosome · Nucleus

Expression by cell type

Single cell type RNA, the 2 highest of those the Human Protein Atlas reports for this gene. Transcript, not protein, and a cell type rather than a tissue.

• Mast cells834.6 nCPM
• Neutrophil progenitors544.7 nCPM

Expression by tissue

The tissues this gene is enriched in, by consensus RNA. A tissue absent from this list is one the Atlas does not call specific for this gene, which is not the same as absent from it.

• bone marrow5,049 nTPM